The Pathophysiology Of Celiac Disease - 2023 Words

Celiac disease is a T-cell-mediated, autoimmune, genetic illness that targets the small intestine in which the absorption of nutrients, particularly fats, is impaired. The disease has been described as â€Å"a permanent intolerance to ingested gluten that damages the small intestine, characteristically inducing crypt hyperplasia and villous atrophy, and typically resolves with removal of gluten from the diet.† (AJN 34). Celiac disease appears to be more prevalent in women than in men. Genetic and immune factors are known to play a role in its development. People that have a family member with celiac disease and people that have autoimmune disorders are at higher risk to develop celiac disease. This paper outlines the pathophysiology of celiac disease, discusses signs and symptoms, the four disease types, describes testing, treatment, addresses the differences between gluten-free diet and a diet containing gluten, the use of dietary supplements, and vitamin D status. Most absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. The mucosa of the small intestine is arranged in microscopic folds, which in turn contain even smaller finger-like projections called villi. The cells of the villi are covered with microscopic hairs, microvilli, projecting from the cell membrane. The folds, villi, and microvilli of the intestinal mucosa provide a huge surface area for nutrient absorption. Cells of the intestines are specialized to absorb different nutrients. Readily digested nutrients areShow MoreRelatedThe Pathophysiology Of Celiac Disease1743 Words   |  7 PagesThe Pathophysiology of Celiac Disease Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder involving both innate and adaptive immune responses that occurs among genetically-predisposed subjects who are exposed to gluten-containing foods (Green et al. 2015). People of all ages, genders, and races can develop CD (Fasano and Catassi 2012). Individuals with CD may have gastrointestinal symptoms or sometimes no signs of symptoms. The disease is characterized by severe immune-mediated damage to the small intestineRead MorePathophysiology Of Celiac Disease Of Gluten, Wheat, Barley, And Rye1476 Words   |  6 PagesPATHOPHYSIOLOGY Celiac disease is an enteropathy mediated by an autoimmune response to gluten, a protein complex found in the endosperm of wheat, barley, and rye.1 The immune response is triggered by both environmental and genetic factors in individuals susceptible to the disease resulting in elevated levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to tissue transglutaminase (tTG), duodenal mucosal villi atrophy, and the inability of tight junctions to properly act as a barrier between the gastrointestinalRead MorePublic Health and Nutrition Objectives541 Words   |  3 Pagesjejunum and ileum. Diarrhea. Malabsorption syndrome. Celiac disease. Diet therapy. V. Large intestine: The irritable colon, diverticula, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease. Cancer, prevention. Diet therapy. VI. Liver: Acute hepatitis, cirrhosis, Ascitic-edematous syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy. Fatty liver, Wilson disease, haemochromatosis. Primitive liver cancer. Prevention and feeding. VII. Pancreas: Cystic fibrosis disease, pancreatitis, cancer. Prevention and diet therapyRead MoreCoexistence of Autoimmune Disease with Type I Diabetes Mellitus in Libyan Patients2041 Words   |  8 PagesMATERIAL AND METHODS The prospective clinical study was undertaken on 849 patients admitted in endocrine department of Tripoli Medical Center from December 2007 to July 2008. From the patients files, the concomitant disease presence or absence was also recorded; especially with reference thyroid function. The important investigations as prescribed by the physician were also recorded. patient’s serum level of T4, T3, FT4, FT3 and TSH were measured for 748 patients. The venous blood samples wereRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Crohn s Disease986 Words   |  4 PagesCrohn’s disease is an inflammatory condition that is immunologically mediated. Even though the etiology of the disease is not yet determined, results from different researches such as human genetics, clinical tests and basic science have given significant insights in the inflammatory disease pathogenesis. In addition, the studies reports that Crohn’s disease is heterogeneous disease that is characterized by different gen etic abnormalities that results to T cells responses. The research paper hasRead MoreChronic Depression And Its Effects On Children Urban And Rural Areas Across The United States Of America1545 Words   |  7 Pages In 2010, the center for disease control defined failure to thrive as inadequate growth or the inability to maintain growth in childhood using a standard growth chart. Diagnosis of failure to thrive is determined when a child`s weight for their age dips below the firth percentile of a normal growth curve. According to Cole and Lanham, in 2011, failure to thrive is seen in five to ten percent of children in the primary care settings. A higher rate of failure to thrive in infants is seen in underprivilegedRead MoreCeliac Disease8765 Words   |  36 Pages50 Celiac Disease Dascha C. Weir, MD Ciaran Kelly, MD Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy secondary to permanent sensitivity to wheat gluten and related proteins in rye and barley. It results in characteristic histologic changes consisting of inï ¬â€šammation, crypt hyperplasia, and villous atrophy of the small intestine in genetically susceptible individuals. Signiï ¬ cant variability in the clinical presentation of CD in the pediatric population complicates recognition ofRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes Mellitus ( Dm ) Is A Serious Disease That Affects Much Of The U.s. Population1140 Words   |  5 PagesDiscussion Post Week Nine NURS6051, N-20 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a serious disease that affects much of the U.S. population. DM occurs when the body had trouble regulating the amount of glucose in the blood stream. Although they share a similar name, Diabetes Insipidus (DI) is a different process, which involves kidney-related fluid retention problems. As advanced practice nurses (APNs) one must be able to differentiate, diagnose, and treat all three disorders appropriately. The purpose of

Relevance Of Kant’s Ideas In Today’s Modern World Free Essays

In his Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant formulated his theory of the Universal Law, which states that a person must act according to the maxim that he or she can will to become a universal law. Simply put, that maxim behind one’s behavior must be a principle that any other individual can apply, something that one â€Å"can rationally will that everyone adopt† (Van der Linden). Under this Kantian law, the very notion of harming one’s future self becomes a preposterous, if not criminal, idea because one cannot obviously will everybody to follow suit. We will write a custom essay sample on Relevance Of Kant’s Ideas In Today’s Modern World or any similar topic only for you Order Now The believe that in a government working its way towards the equality of its citizens. Freedom, for Kant, is obtained through a universal theory of right. Morality is at the center of Kant’s freedom and this is crucial in forming a government. John got his freedom, through murdering the tyrant. And in this case, the freedom and the rights of the rich man, tyrant as he is, was stepped upon proving the unrighteousness of the action. Kant values the sense of freedom in relation to reason. If man is fated or causally determined, then it is pointless for freedom to exist as man has already a determined course of actions. John earned the trust of the people by recognizing the general will of the community, or what is known as the people’s will. Acknowledging the general will creates the laws of the society. These laws, however, should be grounded by the good of the people. Only with the consent of the people will the laws and, ultimately, the government will turn to be legitimate. Kant defines the ideal government in such a way that morality is at the center of it. And with this notion, the actions of John were not justifiable. John’s government started out with a wrong foot, his concealment of the murder of the tyrant. Although this brought about the freedom of the people, the method of doing so was immoral in Kant’s views. This is the kind of society that is ideally set up. The theme of Kant’s moral philosophy is on how people deserve to be happy and not happiness in itself. This is prevalent in the teachings of John gave away the tyrant’s wealth to the people because they deserve to be happy. The morality of man’s actions does not depend on the outcome of the actions. However, we can control the reason behind the action. The morality then rests upon the motivation behind the action. But a motivation of a positive goal, such as making people happy or benefiting the people the same way as John did, is not the right motive, according to Kant. â€Å"No outcome, should we achieve it, can be unconditionally good. Fortune can be misused, by what we thought would induce benefit that might actually bring harm, and happiness might be undeserved. [†¦] It is the possession of a rationally guided will that adds a moral dimension to one’s acts. So it is the recognition and appreciation of duty itself that must drive our actions† (McCormick 2001). Morality of one’s actions is defined by pursuing a goal with no conditions. The reason is not the means for the ends. â€Å"All means to an end have a merely conditional worth because they are valuable only for achieving something else† (McCormick 2001). Thus, John’s actions were not morally right. He used immoral ways in achieving his goal. And this could also be used in performing other actions leading to harm of other people. Kant stresses that the moral worth of an action is not based on its effects, or on anything else publicly visible about it, but rather on why the agent performed it. Kant believes that the highest good requires both our moral perfection and our well being proportionate to our moral perfection, but we are not capable of bringing about either of those. It is in God that ultimate happiness commensurable to goodness can be experienced. Goodness and happiness can only be reached through actions towards morality, a maxim of duty that disregards the conditions. How to cite Relevance Of Kant’s Ideas In Today’s Modern World, Papers

Village or Town free essay sample

Olesia Tararai Instructor Izmentinov Writing for Academic Purposes Section 2 1 March 2010 Some people enjoy living in a big city, while others like living in a small village. Discuss both choices and defend your preference. A Small Village or A Big City? Our society is observing a village decline and a fast development of large cities. Some people have the idea that the best place for living is in a big city. However, many others disagree with this point of view, considering a village to be a perfect place to live. Obviously, both have good reasons to claim which place, a village or a city, is the most suitable for a person. People who support the idea of a perfect life in a city give many expedient reasons. Firstly, a big city gives a great variety of opportunities. For example, an educational level in cities is highly developed. There are a wide range of prestigious schools to choose and there are more colleges, universities and academies. We will write a custom essay sample on Village or Town? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What is more, large cities offer a lot of extra curricula activities like sports clubs, art and dance schools and more. Secondly, big cities provide a person with a good medical treatment. Rapidly growing, a number of medical institutions is sufficient for the needs of city inhabitants. Finally, in a big city a person is provided with all facilities she or he needs for a well-being. Other people believe that villages are the best place to live. Firstly, they point out the safe and clean environment of the countryside. Absence of heavy traffic means absence of polluted atmosphere. With clean environment farmers can grow ecologically clean vegetables. Secondly, villagers appreciate a friendly atmosphere in a small town. Because of a small population, everyone knows everyone in villages. This fact unites people. They have a feeling of living in a closely knit community. Finally, countrymen see a village as the best place to live. Deciding between two places to live, I would choose a big city. Firstly, being born in a city, I spent my whole childhood among multistory uildings. Having become older, I cannot imagine myself without a variety of stores, supermarkets, shops and institutions of entertaining industry. Secondly, I can find a lot of opportunities to realize myself in a big city, for example prospects for career advancement.

Why was there an economic boom in the 1920s Essay Example

Why was there an economic boom in the 1920s Essay Example Why was there an economic boom in the 1920s Paper Why was there an economic boom in the 1920s Paper This essay will investigate why there was an economic boom in the 1920s. It will lead you through the reasons why there was an economic boom and how they were linked to cause the economic boom as a whole. Lady Liberty that stands proudly in New York says, Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free. The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me. I lift my lamp beside the golden door. After the war, this was Americas statement to the world. It told people everywhere that if they were unsatisfied with life they could come to America, the Land of Opportunity, for a better life. This statement caused millions of immigrants to horde over to America. They became the fuel America needed for its boom by working to improve Americas economy. Without the immigrants there would not be enough people to push this boom of the 1920s forward. Americas growing population was encouraged to work hard by the Republican presidents of the time. They introduced the policy of Laissez-Faire which was basically the Republican presidents, specifically Coolidge, Harding and Hoover, leaving the economy to run without government interference. The state did not meddle with business, and in addition, there were low taxes on income and profit so that the American population could retain their money and invest it back into American goods, strengthening the economy. However, the Republican presidents had put a large tax onto foreign goods, making American goods much cheaper so that Americans, and the rest of the world, would buy them. After the World War ended in 1918, America had come out on top. Lots of countries, mainly from Europe had been buying huge amounts of goods from America to fuel themselves in the War. This meant that whilst all these countries had been devastated, American industry was thriving from all the sales they had made. Americas industry had become the largest in the world and had created a huge European market which kept pouring money into the American economy. The war had strengthened the American economy greatly, along with the plentiful natural resources in America to be used by the industry. The bountiful amounts of money that the American economy had, paved the way for advances in technology. The use of electricity to its full potential was the main advance that boomed many other technological advances. Electricity was in most homes in America and 70 percent had electric lighting. Factories were increasingly being run on electricity and overall the electricity consumption had doubled in the 1920s. This had paved the way for a whole range of domestic goods such as cookers, fridges, vacuum cleaners, washing machines and radios which now were in such a large scale that had never been seen before. Now factories were much more efficient, which contributed to a boom in the transport, construction and advertising industries as well as shopping. A great example of the boom of the 1920s was Henry Ford. He had thought of the assembly line to produce the most successful car ever in mass production. This assembly line brought great efficiency to his car manufacture which meant he could sell it for much cheaper than the competition which made more people buy it so he could make the car even cheaper. Unsurprisingly, Ford got extremely wealthy, but he had also done a great deed for American economy. He had introduced an extremely efficient production technique to America which led to companies trying to improve their efficiency as well. Because of Henry Ford American industry became very efficient and it strengthened the economy. Also very importantly this had boomed many other industries as well. The rubber, glass, and metal industries increased rapidly due to Ford needing the materials for his Model T. The amount of roads doubled which opened up a space for mail order and shopping, causing mass advertising and people becoming richer which created big businesses, which sold more goods increasing the economy. Americas economic boom was carrying on and on. Every boom had created other booms, and this had continued to happen all through the roaring1920s. This had created many new businesses and strengthened current business which in turn created less unemployment, which created a richer population, who then were most likely to reinvest into American goods due to the tax on foreign goods. Confidence in American Economy grew and firms were offering to loan money to the population. This gave more money to Americans which they either spent on goods which strengthened the economy or they invested it into stocks which strengthened the economy also. All of these things contributed in the economy increasing rapidly which in the end produced a self generating economy. This self generating economy had caused American economy to be in a time of great success and all the factors which I have explained during this essay contributed to this Self generating economy.

Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr. Biography

Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr. Biography Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr., one of the first black astronauts, entered the corps in June 1967. He had a bright future ahead of him but never made it into space. He began his training and was putting his experience as a pilot and chemist to work as he also trained on  support aircraft. Several months after he began his astronaut training, Lawrence was a passenger on a training flight aboard an F104 Starfighter jet when it made a too-low approach and hit the ground. Lawrence died instantly during the December 8 mishap. It was a tragic loss to the country, and to his wife and young son. He was awarded a Purple Heart posthumously for his service to his country.   The Life and Times of Astronaut Lawrence Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr. was born October 2, 1935, in Chicago. He received an undergraduate degree in chemistry from Bradley University in 1956 and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant into the U.S.  Air Force upon graduation at age 20. He took his flight training at Malden Air Force Base, and eventually ended up providing flight training. He logged more than 2,500 hours of flight time throughout his time in the Air Force and was instrumental in compiling flight maneuver data that was eventually used in the development of the space shuttles. Lawrence later earned a PhD. in physical chemistry in 1965 from Ohio State University. His interests ranged from nuclear chemistry to photochemistry, advanced inorganic chemistry, and thermodynamics. His instructors called him one of the most intelligent and hard-working students theyd ever seen. Once in the Air Force, Lawrence  distinguished himself as an exceptional test pilot and was among the first to be named to the USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program. That mission was a precursor to todays successful NASA space shuttle program. It was part of the manned spaceflight program the Air Force was developing. MOL was planned as an orbiting platform where astronauts could train and work for longer missions. The program was canceled in 1969 and declassified later on. Some of the astronauts assigned to MOL, such as Robert L. Crippen and Richard Truly, went on to join NASA and fly other missions. Although he applied twice to NASA and didnt make into the corps, after his experience with the MOL, Lawrence may well have made it in on a third try, had he not been killed in the flight accident in 1967. Memorial In 1997, thirty years after his  death, and after much lobbying by space historians and others, Lawrences name was the 17th added to the Astronauts Memorial Foundation Space Mirror. This memorial was dedicated in 1991 to honor all U.S. astronauts who lost their lives on space missions or in training for missions. Its located at the Astronauts Memorial Foundation at the Kennedy Space Center near Cape Canaveral, Florida and is open to the public. The African-American  Members of the Astronaut Corps Dr. Lawrence was part of a vanguard of black Americans to join the space program. He came along early in the programs history and hoped to make a lasting contribution to the countrys space efforts. He was preceded by Ed Dwight, who selected as the first African-American astronaut in 1961. Unfortunately, he resigned due to government pressure.   The honor of being the first black  to actually fly in space was Guion Blufords. He flew four missions from 1983 to 1992. Others were Ronald McNair (killed in the space shuttle Challenger accident), Frederick D. Gregory, Charles F. Bolden, Jr. (who has served as NASA administrator), Mae Jemison (first African-American woman in space), Bernard Harris, Winston Scott, Robert Curbeam, Michael P. Anderson, Stephanie Wilson, Joan Higginbotham, B. Alvin Drew, Leland Melvin, and Robert Satcher.   Several others have served in the astronaut corps, but have not flown in space.   As the astronaut corps has grown, it has grown more diverse, including more women and astronauts with a wide range of ethnic backgrounds.

Perspective of Cultural Heritage towards the Education Essay

Perspective of Cultural Heritage towards the Education - Essay Example The essay "Perspective of Cultural Heritage towards the Education" analyzes the cultural heritage importance in terms of enhancing education in the society. The cultural heritage has a sense of belonging to everybody and is quite important to the learners as it helps them to develop the aspect of living together or having the concern of one another. Dee never wanted to be isolated from the family after she got married because she wanted to remember their grandmother who brought them up. This aspect of having the concern of one another is quite important as makes people help one another when at the point of need. The preserved cultural heritage makes the learner understand better the life of the ancestors that they led. When Dee was young never liked their way of living but she came to appreciate it when she was marrying. Cultural heritage also gives some contrast to the life that modern people are living. In the story, Dee was a young modern lady who had taken formal education visite d their home while wearing a short orange dress that contrasts the attires that her kid sister Maggie was wearing. Culture preserves other important aspects that can influence the learners of today in the right direction. In the story, a narrator who was the old-fashioned woman was industrious person based on the activities that are illustrated. This aspect will make the learner develop an attitude of hard work. The culture had some basis that was quite important in educating the society and helped them to live in harmony.

Understanding and interpreting financial statements Dissertation

Understanding and interpreting financial statements - Dissertation Example Understanding and interpreting financial statements The information contained in the financial statements can be used by financial analysts to perform ratio analysis. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the financial performance of Morrisons Inc. Company Profile: Morrisons Morrisons was founded in 1899 by William Morrison. The first supermarket chain was opened in 1961. Today the company has become the 4th largest supermarket retailer in the United Kingdom . The initial public offering of the company occurred in 1967. The company serves over 10 million customers each week across its network of 382 stores. Morrisons helps the United Kingdom’s economy by providing the community with 124,000 jobs. One of the aspects of the Morrisons operation that makes this company different is that the firm owns its supply chain logistics. The company has its own packing facilities, baking capabilities, distribution centers, and fleet of trucks to deliver fresh goods to its stores. Ratio Selection The use of ratio analysis can help a person evaluate the financial performance of a company. To perform ratio analysis one must retrieve the financial statements of the company. The two financial statements that are mostly used when performing ratio analysis are the income statement and the balance sheet. There are different categories of ratios that an analyst can utilize. The five categories of ratios are profitability, solvency, efficiency, liquidity, financial gearing, and investment. To evaluate Morrisons this paper uses a variety of financial ratios from the different categories mentioned. A profitability ratio that will be used in the paper is net margin. Net margin is calculated dividing net income by sales (Besley & Brigham, 2000). It is preferable to have a high net margin because higher net margins imply that the company is more profitable. Another profitability ratio of importance is the gross profit. The gross profit is calculated with the following formula. (Sales – CGS) / Sales (Weygandt & Kieso & Kimmel , 2002). High profit margins are preferable. Two additional metrics that will be used to evaluate Morrisons is return on assets and return on equity. Return on assets is calculated dividing net income by total assets, while return on equity is calculated dividing net income by total equity (Dictionary, 2011). An efficiency ratio that will be used to evaluate Morrisons is sales revenue per employee. Obtaining high sales revenue per employee is preferable because it implies that each employee of the company is helping the firm generate more money. Another efficiency ratio that will be used in the analysis of Morrisons is sales revenue to capital employed. The ratio is calculated dividing revenues by capital. A liquidity ratio that was selected for the Morrisons ratio analysis was the current ratio. The current ratio determines the capabilities of the company to pay off its short term debt (Investopedia, 2011). The formula to calculate current ratio is current assets divided by current liability. Two gearing ratios that will be used in the analysis of Morrisons are the debt ratio and the debt to equity ratio. The debt ratio is calculated by dividing total assets by total liabilities. The debt ratio measures the ability of the company to pay off its long term debt (Garrison & Noreen, 2003). The debt to equity ratio is calculated dividing total assets by total equity. The investment ratios chosen to perform the ratio analysis on